point-to-point information on Educational Psychology and its Fundamentals, perfect for TET or B.Ed exam preparation.
📘 Educational Psychology – Key Points
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1. Meaning
- Educational Psychology is the branch of psychology that studies human learning and teaching in educational settings.
- It focuses on how students learn, what motivates them, and how teachers can make learning effective.
2. Definition
- Crow & Crow: “Educational Psychology describes and explains learning experiences of an individual from birth through old age.”
- Skinner: “Educational Psychology is the scientific study of human behavior in educational situations.”
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3.Nature
- Applied Science: It applies psychological principles to education.
- Positive Science: It is based on facts and observation.
- Practical: Helps teachers solve classroom problems.
- Dynamic: Keeps changing with new research and educational needs.
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4. Scope (Areas of Study)
- Growth and Development of children.
- Learning Process – how learning takes place.
- Intelligence and Creativity.
- Motivation and Interest.
- Personality and Adjustment.
- Mental Health and Hygiene.
- Measurement and Evaluation.
- Exceptional Children (gifted, slow learners, etc.).
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5. Importance for Teachers
- Helps understand students’ abilities and interests.
- Guides teachers to choose suitable teaching methods.
- Helps maintain discipline positively.
- Aids in guidance and counseling.
- Helps create a better learning environment.
🧠 Fundamentals of Educational Psychology
| Fundamental Concept | Explanation |
| . Growth & Development | Continuous process — physical, mental, emotional, and social development of the child. |
| Learning | A permanent change in behavior through experience and practice. |
| Motivation | Inner drive or reason that encourages learning. |
| . Individual Differences | Every learner is unique — in intelligence, interest, ability, and attitude. |
| Transfer of Learning | Learning in one situation can help or hinder learning in another. |
| Memory and Forgetting | Retaining learned material and causes of forgetting. |
| Intelligence | Ability to learn, reason, and solve problems. |
| Personality | Total behavior pattern of an individual. |
| Adjustment & Mental Health | Ability to cope with life situations positively. |
| Evaluation | Assessment of learning outcomes to improve teaching. |
Objectives of Educational Psychology
- To understand learner behavior.
- To improve the teaching–learning process.
- To develop suitable instructional techniques.
- To measure learning outcomes.
- To promote mental health and personality development.
Conclusion
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Educational Psychology helps teachers understand how children think, feel, and learn — enabling them to teach effectively and shape holistic personalities.
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